Lifespan
Malinois typically live around 14 to 16 years, which is on the longer end for a dog of their size, and reflects both the breed's generally sound structure and the health screening that reputable working-line breeders have practiced for decades.
Conditions to know about
| Condition | What it is | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Hip dysplasia | Abnormal development of the hip joint, common across medium-to-large breeds | Can lead to arthritis and mobility issues; screened via hip scoring schemes (e.g. OFA/BVA) |
| Elbow dysplasia | Abnormal development of the elbow joint | Similarly screened for in breeding stock; can affect gait and comfort long-term |
| Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) | Inherited, progressive degeneration of the retina | Can lead to blindness; DNA testing exists for some forms |
| Epilepsy | Recurrent seizures, often idiopathic (no identifiable cause) | Usually manageable with veterinary medication once diagnosed |
| Cataracts | Clouding of the eye lens, can be inherited or age-related | Screened for via annual eye exams in breeding lines |
| Degenerative myelopathy | A progressive spinal cord disease seen in several breeds | DNA testing is available to identify carrier status |
What responsible breeders test for
A reputable breeder should be able to show hip and elbow scores for both parents, current eye certification, and relevant DNA test results for conditions known in the breed, alongside a clear-eyed view of temperament in the pedigree. Being able to see and discuss these results — not just being told the dogs are "healthy" — is a reasonable, normal expectation of any breeder.
Everyday health care
- Keep the dog lean — extra weight is one of the most controllable risk factors for joint problems
- Build up high-impact exercise gradually, especially in dogs under 18 months while growth plates are still closing
- Routine dental care; working and sport dogs benefit from regular checks given the physical demands placed on them
- Annual veterinary check-ups, and prompt attention to any change in gait, appetite or behaviour, which in a normally high-energy breed is often the first visible sign something's wrong
This page is general information, not a substitute for advice from a veterinarian who knows your dog.